Since its establishment, the synagogue has been situated in the ghetto, which was the residential area for the majority of the city's Jewish population. From the early days, the Jewish municipality operated there, led by a consul. Primarily, the synagogue serves as a place of worship and the performance of religious rituals. However, in addition to its primary role, the Synagogue of Dubrovnik served other purposes as well. It housed a religious school where rabbis predominantly served as religious teachers. The synagogue also facilitated the organization of Jewish clubs that fostered community engagement and socializing. Various festivities, particularly those associated with Jewish holidays, were also held within its premises.