Jews were primarily involved in trade and financial affairs. In the case of Dubrovnik, particularly during the era of the Republic of Dubrovnik, trade served as the most crucial sector of the economy, greatly influencing the city's stability. As a result, Jews enjoyed a relatively privileged status and held favorable positions since their settlement. Even during periods when the Jewish community faced adversity, merchants were granted privileges and permitted to remain in the city, continuing their business activities.
A significant number of them specialized in transit trade, serving as intermediaries between the East and the West, and selling their goods to both regions. Conversely, some operated their own shops in Dubrovnik or traded with other merchants. Until the 19th century, Jews were prohibited from engaging in the trade of food and foodstuffs, as well as pursuing crafts and manufacturing. However, when these restrictions were lifted, many Jews also ventured into these fields. Nonetheless, trade remained their primary occupation until the outbreak of the Second World War.