The Jewish minority in Luxembourg was largely destroyed by Nazi persecution and deportations. When the capital was liberated on September 10, 1944, it was nearly emptied of Jews. In the decades following the war, several congregations tried to revive Jewish life in the remaining synagogues as well as in towns that had previously been home to Jewish communities. However, by the late 1960s, these had all but disappeared, except for two communities in the most populated areas – Esch-sur-Alzette and Luxembourg City. The Jewish population never reached the same size again. In 1947, there were 870 Jews in the Grand Duchy, of whom 487 had Luxembourg citizenship. Everything thus had to be rebuilt from scratch.
Under the presidency of Edmond Marx, a new consistory was restored in Luxembourg city. Marx managed to convince the Luxembourgish government to provide the finances to build a new synagogue to replace the previous one demolished by Nazis in Luxembourg in 1946. Charlotte Thyes dedicated her estate next to the park on the avenue Monterey for this purpose. The laying of the cornerstone took place on June 12, 1951. Edmond Marx enforced his will to appoint Charles Lehrmann as the new Grand Rabbi of Luxembourg. He took over a Jewish community still terrified by the aftermath of the war and managed to resore Jewish life in Luxembourg. According to the official census, roughly 650 Jews live in Luxembourg today. Members of the community, however, believe that number could be twice as much.