Zionist movements, whose popularity grew with the increasing oppression of Jews in Europe, saw Jewish identity as a national, not a religious, identity. It demanded the establishment of a Jewish national homeland, a state of its own, and prepared the youth for emigration to Palestine. Most of these scouting movements were leftist, and in addition to scouting, the youth also learned to work together to establish kibbutzim, collective farms, in their new homeland. The learning centers were called hachshara. In particular, the Hashomer Hatzair, Maccabi Hatzair and Techelet Lavan movements were active in the Těšín region.
Photo: Maccabi Hacair movement trainees in Český Těšín, 1936 Yad Vashem Archives, photo 9303/11