The history of the Jewish population in Vienna extends back hundreds of years and it is marked by alternating periods of acceptance, persecution, and conflicts. The nicknames of the 2nd district provide some insights into its history. In 1670 all Jews were banished from Vienna. This was the second big expulsion of Jews from the city. This event is referred to as 2nd Vienna Gesera. The displaced Viennese Jews primarily emigrated to Moravia and Hungary. Emperor Leopold I was proud to have expelled all Jews out of the city and he re-named the previously Jewish borough after himself.
Some know the 2nd district as "Mazzesinsel" (Matzah Island). "Mazzes" or "Matzah" is unleavened flatbread and an important part of Passover, which is a major holiday, commemorating the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt.