Jewish children felt the exclusion directly. From 1938, Jewish students were no longer allowed to attend German schools, with a few exceptions. The Nazi ideology also shaped the education system: students were indoctrinated in the classrooms with nationalism, racism and anti-Semitism.
Steffi Pinkus and Max Schindler went to school in Cottbus. In their interviews, they recall how their school life – or that of their siblings – changed in the years after 1933.